How Vitamin D Regulates The Role Of Dopamine In Brain Cells

Existing research shows that maternal vitamin D deficiency can be linked to brain development disorders like schizophrenia.

For this study, scientists at the University of Queensland Brain Institute took it a step further, examining the functional changes that take place in the brain when a pregnant person is deficient in vitamin D. 

To do this, the team developed cells that mimic key brain cells and replicated some of the processes that take place during brain development. Then, they allowed this development to take place in an environment with active vitamin D hormones and in an environment without it.

The results showed clearly that the cells exposed to vitamin D developed much differently. With adequate vitamin D, changes occurred in the distribution of presynaptic proteins responsible for dopamine release within the cells, which led to enhanced dopamine release.

As the authors of the study said in a news release: "What we found was the altered differentiation process in the presence of vitamin D not only makes the cells grow differently but recruits machinery to release dopamine differently." 

The researchers went on to examine this phenomenon using a tool called false fluorescent neurotransmitters, which helped them visualize the functional changes that were occurring in those presynaptic proteins.

Known as the "pleasure molecule," dopamine is one of the main neurotransmitters in the brain and plays a role in areas of the brain associated with memory, movement, motivation, attention, and mood. Dopamine alterations are associated with a range of brain disorders.

It's not clear exactly what causes schizophrenia, but we know that it's associated with changes in the way the brain uses dopamine, and dopamine also plays a role in Parkinson's disease, ADHD, and restless legs syndrome.

The good news is that there are ways to support healthy dopamine and vitamin D levels right here right now. Here are three to get you started: 

Get a little bit of sun every day

Did you know that sunshine on the skin is one of the main ways we get vitamin D? It's true! Many experts recommend doing this first thing in the morning when the sun can also be used to wake you up and regulate your circadian rhythm. 

Take a vitamin D supplement

Even if you're getting a healthy daily dose of sunshine, you may still be deficient in vitamin D. Location, skin tone, and season all impact how much vitamin D you can make from the sun, and most people can't safely get enough sun exposure to reach truly optimal levels. (To put it in perspective, 40% of Americans have vitamin D1.)

Foods like shiitake mushrooms, sockeye salmon, and fortified milk can help get you on your way. But unless you're downing 50 glasses of milk per day, you're probably going to need some extra help to meet that optimal threshold. While experts recommend consuming 5,000 IUs of vitamin D daily for optimal levels, research shows that 93% of people fail to consume even 400 IUs2.

Taking a vitamin D supplement is a great way to safeguard your vitamin D levels. Don't know where to start? We've done the legwork for you. Here are 7 of our favorites, hand-picked by a nutrition scientist.

Exercise

A study reveals how vitamin D deficiency affects brain development and function.